War On Drugs: Winners (Singapore) & Losers (U.S.A.)

Why did the “War on Drugs” fail massively in the United States? In my opinion, the “War on Drugs” massively failed in the U.S. because the U.S. was never serious about winning it. If the U.S. were serious about actually winning a war on drugs, it would: Invest money and resources in drug use/abuse prevention …

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Melatonin Tolerance: No Evidence It Exists?

Melatonin is a hormone endogenously secreted by the pineal gland at night/evening and regulates one’s circadian rhythm (i.e. sleep-wake cycle) via interaction with melatonin receptors in the brain. Melatonin also: regulates blood pressure; interacts with the immune system; and acts as a potent antioxidant (scavenging free radicals). It has been thought that melatonin production decreases …

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High Dose Melatonin: Therapeutic or Dangerous?

What is high-dose melatonin? There’s no objective scientific/medical consensus for what is “high-dose” melatonin. You might ask several people what they consider to be a high-dose of melatonin – and you might get entirely different answers. The body endogenously produces between 100 and 300 mcg (micrograms) of melatonin per night (according to a medical doctor …

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Low Dose Melatonin: Optimal for Circadian Rhythms?

What is low dose melatonin? 300 mcg (micrograms) or less – equivalent to 0.3 mg or less. This is my answer – so let me explain how I came up with this number. There’s no objective scientific/medical consensus for what is “low-dose” melatonin. You might ask several friends what they consider to be low-dose melatonin …

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Melatonin Stops Working: Causes & Solutions

Melatonin is an endogenous hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps regulate the circadian rhythm. At night, melatonin levels increase (100-300 ng/mL) – and this serves as a physiological signal that it’s time for sleep, and thus we become drowsy/sedated – and inevitably fall asleep. For a variety of reasons, many people decide to …

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Caffeine & OCD: Exacerbator or Treatment?

What effect does caffeine have on OCD? It likely depends on the specific person with OCD. Not everyone with OCD or a predisposition to OCD will respond identically to caffeine. This is because individuals differ in gene expression, brain morphology, neurochemistry, hormones, and general physiology (influencing OCD and responses to caffeine). Caffeine-gene interactions: ADORA2A: Adenosine …

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